Diferencia entre revisiones de «Julióbriga»

<!--'''[[Juliobriga]]''' ({{lang-es|Julióbriga}}, ({{lang-la|Iuliobriga}}, {{lang-grc|''Ἰουλιὃβριγα''}}) was the most important [[urban]] centre in [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Cantabria]], as stated by numerous Latin authors including [[Pliny the Elder]].<ref>"But among the seven peoples belonging to the Cantabri, Juliobriga is the only place worthy of mention" [[Pliny the Elder]], ''[[Natural Histories]]'' III.4.27</ref> The site has traditionally been identified with ruins in the village of [[Retortillo (Cantabria)|Retortillo]] (Cantabria) and its Villafría district, in the municipality of [[Campoo de Enmedio]].<ref>The ruins are 4km (2.5 mi) southeast of [[Reinosa]] near the reservoir of the river Ebro.({{es}} Iglesias Gil, JM. ''Julióbriga'', p. 5.)</ref>  

Its founding, during the [[Cantabrian Wars]] (29 BC-[[19 BC]]), made it a powerful symbol of Roman domination of the tribes of the [[Cantabri]]. The city was named after the reigning emperor Augustus and his adopted family name, the [[gens]] [[Julius|Julia]],<ref name="topónimo">{{es}} Mangas Manjarrés, J. ''La Hispania Romana''. en Manuel Prado, J. (dir.) ''Historia de España''. Esplugues de Llobregat: Ediciones Orbis, S.A.; 1991. Vol. I ''«Prehistoria a 409»'', p. 192. ISBN 8401615135.</ref> with the [[Celtic]] [[toponym]] element ''-briga'', common in Iberia.<ref>"The same Indo-European root is also the origin of the Germanic cognates berg or burg, Gothic baurgs. The first meaning is, apparently, something like 'hill', from whence comes 'fortress' or 'fortified town', until we may eventually get simply to the idea of an urban enclave that was not necessarily fortified." ([http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_15/garcia_alonso_6_15.html Juan Luis García Alonso, "-Briga Toponyms in the Iberian Peninsula" ''e-Keltoi'' '''6''')].</ref> Due to its strategic location in the [[Besaya valley]], it was able to control trade between the [[Douro]] river and the [[Bay of Biscay]]. Juliobriga grew slowly, reaching its peak between the end of the 1st century and the early 2nd century [[AD]]. Following that, its population began to decline, until the city was completely abandoned in the 3rd century.