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-[[Archivo:DupuyDeLome.jpg|200px|right|Stanislas Charles Henri Dupuy de Lôme (1817-1885)]]
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-'''Stanislas Charles Henri Dupuy de Lôme''' (15 de octubre de  1816 - 1 de febrero de  1885) fue un arquitecto naval [[Francia|francés]], hijo de un oficial naval, nacido en [[Ploemer]], cerca de [[Lorient]] en Bretaña. Fue educado en  la Escuela Politécnica, y su actividad principal tuvo lugar entre 1840 y 1870.
+'''Stanislas Charles Henri Dupuy de Lôme''' (15 de octubre de 1816 - 1 de febrero de 1885) fue un arquitecto naval francés, hijo de un oficial naval, nacido en Ploemer, cerca de Lorient en Bretaña. Fue educado en la Escuela Politécnica, y su actividad principal tuvo lugar entre 1840 y 1870.
 Al terminar su formación profesional, viajó a Inglaterra alrededor de 1842, donde continuó estudios de construcción de barcos con casco de acero y navegación a vapor. Escribió un ensayo, luego publicado bajo el titulo de "Mémoire sur la Construction des Batiments en Fer"<ref>''Mémoire sur la Construction des Batiments en Fer''; "Memoria sobre la construcción de barcos de hierro", Paris, 1844.</ref>
-== Primer barco a vapor ==
+{{Referencias}}
-[[Archivo:DupuyPlaque.jpg|thumb|240px|Henri Dupuy de Lôme vivió en el 374 de la [[Rue Saint-Honoré]] en Paris, desde 1857  hasta su muerte en 1885 (detalle de su placa conmemorativa a la derecha).]]
+{{Ref| ''Scientific American Supplement, No. 481, 21 de marzo de 1885'' (Dominio público)}}
+{{W}}
-A su regreso de Inglaterra, Dupuy de Lôme comenzó a trabajar en el arsenal de [[Toulon]]. En esa época, los únicos navios a vapor estaban propulsados por ruedas de paletas, y había gran oposición a la introducción de tal propulsión en los barcos de guerra. Las ruedas de paleta se veían como poco apropiadas para los grandes barcos de guerra, y no existía confianza en las hélices; la mayoría de los oficiales, tanto en Inglaterra como en Francia se oponían a abandonar la propulsión a [[vela (náutica)|vela]].
-Dupuy de Lôme estudió cuidadosamente los detalles del ''SS Great Britain'', que había observado en construcción en Bristol, y quedó convencido que un sistema de propulsión a vapor podría usarse en los barcos de guerra. Se dedicó a perfeccionar la idea, y en 1845 escribió un informe a la Ministerio de Marina francés sugiriendo la construcción de de una fragata a hélice, con casco de acero, y protegida por una armadura formada por varios espesores de planchas de ese material. Este informe estableció claramente la idea de un barco de guerra clásico, si bien el primer prototipo no se construiría hasta varios años después.
-[[Archivo:Napoleon(1850).jpg|thumb|250px|''Napoleón'' (1850), primer barco de guerra propulsado a vapor, diseñado por Dupuy de Lôme.]]
-Dupuy de Lôme no estuvo solo en esta intención de cambios radicales en la construcción y propulsión de barcos. Sus colegas avanzaban en la misma línea de ideas, y en Inglaterra comenzaron las conversiones de barcos de vela a vapor. Esta acción de los británicos movió a los franceses a iniciar tanmbien la conversión de sus navios de guerra a barcos auxiliares propulsados por vapor.
-Dupuy de Lôme continuó investigando, y en 1847 fue premiado con el encargo de diseñar ''Le Napoléon'', que sería el primer barco de guerra a vapor impulsado por hélice jamás construido. El barco tenía 73 m de eslora, 16,70 m de manga y un desplazamiento de 5.000 t, con dos cubiertas armadas. Alcanzaba una velocidad de 14 nudos. Durante la Guerra de Crimea su eficacia llamó muchoi la atención, y enseguida muchas armadas del mundo comenzaron a copiar la idea.
-==Primeros acorazados==
-<!-- [[Archivo:La Gloire.jpg|thumb|200px|FS Gloire (1858-1883), primer barco oceánico de guerra con propulsion exclusiva a vapor.]]
-[[Archivo:Solferino(1861).jpg|thumb|250px|The French ironclad [[Solferino (1861)|''Solferino'']], of the ''Magenta'' class, the only two-decked broadside ironclad battleships ever built.]]
-Along with the introduction of steam-power, the use of iron armor was leading to another revolution in design at about the same time. Dupuy de Lôme applied his talents to this field as well, by showing the practicability of armouring the sides of a ship. In 1857 he was appointed to the highest office in the ''Constructive Corps—Directeur du Materiel''—and his design for the earliest seagoing ironclad, [[FS La Gloire (1858-1883)|''La Gloire'']], was approved in the same year. ''La Gloire'' was built fairly quickly, and was followed by a construction program that delivered a total of five such ships by 1863.
-Among these new ironclads were the only two-decked broadside ironclad battleships ever built, also designed by Dupuy de Lôme - ''Magenta'' and [[Solferino (1861)|''Solferino'']]. These ships were also the first to be equipped with a spur ram.
-In the design of ''La Gloire'', Dupuy de Lôme followed the principle of utilizing known forms and dimensions for existing successful designs, and only changing what was absolutely necessary. ''La Napoleon'' nearly reproduced ''La Gloire'' so far as under-water shape was concerned, but with one gun deck instead of two, and a completely protected battery. As long as he retained office, Dupuy de Lôme consistently adhered to this principle; but at the same time he showed himself ready to consider how best to meet the constantly growing demands for thicker armor, heavier guns, and higher speeds. It is important to note, however, especially during his early enthusiasm for ironclads, that only a small proportion of the ships added to the French Navy during his time in office were built of anything but wood.
-Distinctions were showered upon him. He received the cross of the Legion of Honor in 1845, was made a commander in 1858, and grand officer in December 1863. In 1860 he was made a Councilor of State, and represented the French Admiralty in Parliament; in 1861, he was appointed "inspecteur général du materiel de la marine". In 1866 he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences. At the beginning of the [[Franco-German War]] he was appointed a member of the committee of defence. From 1869 to 1875 he was a Deputy, and in 1877 he was elected a Life [[French Senate|Senator]]. He was a member of the Academy of Sciences and of other distinguished scientific bodies.
-==Navigable balloons==
-[[Archivo:DupuyLomeDirigeable.jpg|thumb|250px|The navigable balloon developed by Dupuy de Lome in 1872.]]
-In 1870 Dupuy de Lôme devoted a large amount of time to perfecting a practical navigable balloon, and the French Government gave him great assistance in carrying out the experiments. For carrying out the project, he was given a credit of 40,000 francs; but the balloon was not ready till a few days before the capitulation.These experiments led to the development of one of the first navigable balloons, named the ''Dupuy de Lôme''.
-The ''Dupuy de Lôme'' [[airship]] was 36 meters in length, 14.84 meters in diameter, 29 meters wide, and had a total volume of 3,454 cubic meters. It was powered by a 2 [[horsepower]] engine, providing a speed of between 9 to 11 km/h. The basket under the balloon could carry eight, several operating the balloon and others observing. She was the first operational airship, and was employed during the last days of the [[Franco-Prussian war]].
-In 1875 he was busy over a scheme for embarking a railway train at Calais, and exhibited plans of the improved harbour and models of the bateaux porte-trains to the Academy of Sciences in July.
-In 1877 he was elected a [[senator for life]].
-==Electrical submarine==
-Towards the end of his life, Dupuy de Lôme worked on a project for an electrical submarine, largely inspired from the experimental results of the submarine ''[[Plongeur]]''. Upon his death, the project was taken over by his friend [[Gustave Zede]], leading to the launch of the first electrical submarine in the world, the ''[[Gymnote]]' -->'.
-{{clear}}
-<!-- ==Legacy==
-Dupuy de Lôme was instrumental in helping the French Navy take the initiative in several of the technological advances of the 19th century, consolidating the position of the [[French Navy]] as the second in the world at that time. These innovations relied on a strong industrial base, second only to Britain, and considerably ahead of the United States or Prussia. According to a British obituary, "it may be questioned whether any constructor has ever rendered greater services to the navy of any country...". He died at Paris on 1 February 1885.
-[[Archivo:DupuyDeLomeCruiser(1888).jpg|thumb|250px|Armored cruiser Dupuy de Lôme, launched in 1887.]]
-Several warships have been named after Dupuy de Lôme -->
-<!-- *The [[armored cruiser]] ''[[Dupuy de Lôme (1887)|Dupuy de Lôme]]'', launched in [[Brest, France|Brest]] in 1887, was capable of 23 kts, and designed to raid on enemy commerce ships during extended forays afloat, following the "[[Jeune Ecole]]" doctrine.
-*The [[submarine]] ''[[Dupuy de Lôme (1915)|Dupuy de Lôme]]'' (1915).
-* ''[[Dupuy de Lôme (A759)|Dupuy de Lôme]]'', launched March 27th 2004, and built in the [[Netherlands]] for the French Navy, is an intelligence vessel, designed to gather Comint (Communication intelligence) and Elint (Electronic intelligence). She will replace ''Bougainville'' from April 2006. -->
-{{clear}}
-==Referencias==
-* ''Scientific American Supplement, No. 481, 21 de marzo de 1885'' (Dominio público)
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